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Beranda / Innovation in ELT

Definitions of CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning)


The term "CALL" has multiple meanings depending on the context. It can refer to various concepts across different fields. Here are a few definitions of CALL provided by experts and relevant sources:
  • Computer-Assisted Language Learning:
CALL commonly stands for "Computer-Assisted Language Learning," which refers to the use of computer technology to enhance language teaching and learning. According to Hubbard (2008), CALL is defined as "the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning" (p. 6). The use of multimedia, interactive exercises, and online resources are some examples of CALL in language education. 

  • Computer-Aided Language Learning:
Similar to CALL, Computer-Aided Language Learning (CALL) is another term used in the field of language education. Chapelle (2001) defines CALL as "the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning" (p. 1). CALL focuses on utilizing computer technology for language instruction, including software, online platforms, and language learning websites. 
  • Computer-Assisted Legal Research:
In the legal domain, CALL can also refer to Computer-Assisted Legal Research. It pertains to the use of computer technology, databases, and online resources to conduct legal research and access legal information efficiently. According to Taylor (1999), CALL can be defined as "the use of a computer and telecommunications to access the law and to facilitate the legal research process" (p. 3). Legal professionals use specialized software, online legal databases, and electronic resources to retrieve case law, statutes, regulations, and other legal materials. 
  • Computer-Assisted Lifelong Learning:
Additionally, CALL can stand for Computer-Assisted Lifelong Learning. In this context, CALL refers to the use of computer technology and online resources to support and enhance lifelong learning experiences. It encompasses various fields of study and personal development, providing access to educational materials, online courses, and collaborative learning platforms. While there isn't a specific source defining CALL in this context, the term is commonly used to describe the integration of technology into lifelong learning practices.

According to Warschauer and Meskill (2000), Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is a broad term that encompasses the use of technology in language learning. They define CALL as "the use of computers to facilitate the teaching and learning of languages" (p. 187). This definition is broad enough to encompass a wide range of technologies, from simple language learning software to complex virtual worlds.

Warschauer and Meskill 92000) identify three main ways in which technology can be used in CALL:

  • To deliver language instruction: This includes using computers to provide students with access to course materials, such as textbooks, grammar exercises, and audio and video recordings. It also includes using computers to provide students with individualized instruction and feedback.
  • To support language learning: This includes using computers to provide students with access to resources, such as dictionaries, thesauri, and online grammar reference tools. It also includes using computers to provide students with opportunities to practice their language skills, such as through interactive games and simulations.
  • To enhance language learning: This includes using computers to provide students with access to authentic language resources, such as newspapers, magazines, and websites from the target language community. It also includes using computers to provide students with opportunities to interact with native speakers of the target language.

Warschauer and Meskill (2000) argue that CALL can be a very effective tool for language learning, but they also caution that it is important to use technology wisely. They point out that technology is not a magic bullet, and that it is not effective in isolation. Instead, technology should be used as part of a comprehensive language learning program that also includes traditional methods, such as textbooks, grammar exercises, and teacher-led instruction.

Here are some of the benefits of using CALL in language learning:

  1. Computers can provide students with access to a wide range of resources and materials. This includes course materials, grammar exercises, audio and video recordings, dictionaries, thesauri, and online grammar reference tools.
  2. Computers can provide students with individualized instruction and feedback. This can help students learn at their own pace and address their specific needs.
  3. Computers can provide students with opportunities to practice their language skills in a safe and supportive environment. This can help them build confidence and fluency.
  4. Computers can provide students with opportunities to interact with native speakers of the target language. This can help them improve their pronunciation and fluency. 

Here are some of the challenges of using CALL in language learning:
  1. Technology can be expensive. The cost of computers, software, and Internet access can be a barrier for some learners.
  2. Technology can be difficult to use. Some learners may not have the skills or experience necessary to use computers effectively for language learning.
  3. Technology can be distracting. Learners may be tempted to use computers for other purposes, such as checking social media or playing games.
  4. Technology can be isolating. Learners who use computers for language learning may not have the same opportunities to interact with other learners and native speakers as those who learn in traditional classrooms.
References:

Chapelle, C. A. (2001). Computer applications in second language acquisition: Foundations for teaching, testing, and research. Cambridge University Press.

Hubbard, P. (2008). Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Routledge.

Taylor, J. (1999). Introduction to legal research using the Internet. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Warschauer, M., & Meskill, C. (2000). Technology and second language learning: Promise and problems. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics